Benefits of an empire

Benefits of an empire Benefits of an empire.An unified empire provide stability to the people. This could be traced back to 221 BC where China was unified into empire called the Qin dynasty.The main reason is that chances of potential wars to be fought will be lesser and not that it implies there is no war whatsoever. Qin Shi Huang helped to remove this potential wars by unifying many states into one, by having an established centralized empire. Therefore, eliminate these states attacking one another.The second reason is establishes a centralized system of government. This will enable a stable economy and highly structured political system. This will mean that the country will function like a large free trade zone within the empire. Where people can import and export without the worry of taxes being imposed on them, when entering city-states. Implementation of rules and laws will be simpler as it will be standardized throughout the land.English: Qin Shi Huang tours Ð  Ã'Æ'Ã' Ã' Ã ºÃ ¸Ã ¹: КÐ °Ã¯ ¿ ½...By having an empire, means having a common identity. Hence, war can be avoided; laws will be standardized and form a free trade zone.Potential wars to be fought will be lesser meaning no chance or war occurringQin Shi Huang helped to remove this potential wars by unifying many states into one,Eliminate these states attacking one another.Centralized system of government.This will enable a stable economy and highly structured political system.Free trade zoneImport and export without the worry of taxes being imposed on them, when entering city-states.Implementation of rules and laws will be simpler as it will be standardized throughout the land.

What to Do If You Miss Your Pet in College

What to Do If You Miss Your Pet in College When you thought of your life in college, you likely thought of all the great things youd experience: interesting classes, engaging people, exciting social life, your first real taste of freedom from your parents. You may not, however, have thought about all the things youd miss from your pre-college days: homecooked meals, the feel of your own bed, the constant presence of your beloved pet. While it may not be a frequent topic of conversation, its surprisingly common for students to seriously miss their pets back at home. After all, your pet was a steadfast companion who, while possibly sometimes annoying, was also incredibly endearing. You may even be feeling guilty about leaving your pet behind, knowing that they dont understand why you left or where you went or when youll be back. Dont worry, though; there are a few things you can do to make the transition easier for both of you. Dont Be Embarrassed There are many things you probably miss about the life you left behind; the things that mattered most to you are likely the things that tug most at your heartstrings while youre away at school. Youd have to be pretty stone-cold to not miss a pet who has been a big part of your family, and your life in particular, for quite some time. Wouldnt it be strange, after all, if you didnt miss your pet and could just leave them one day without feeling a little sad or guilty about it? Dont sell yourself short by feeling embarrassed or ridiculous. Your pet very well may have been a big part of your life and its perfectly reasonable to miss him or her. Video Chat See if you can say hello! during a Skype or video chat session. Will it freak your pet out? Probably, but it might also make them ridiculously excited. Just like phone calls home can be recharging and comforting during challenging times, seeing your pet might just give you the little boost youve been needing. You can see their silly face and know that theyre just fine. Get Updates Ask your parents or other family members to update you about your pet when you talk. Its not unreasonable to ask that your mom, dad, siblings, or anyone else let you know how your pet back home is doing. After all, if another family member were ill or, conversely, had something hilarious happen to them, youd want to know, right? So ask your parents to keep you updated about all the ridiculous thing your pet has been doing in your absence. Its not dorky to ask about someone or something you care about and it will do your heart and mind some good. Bring Your Pet to Campus See if you can bring your pet to campus for a day. If, for example, your campus allows dogs on leashes, see if your parents can bring your dog up the next time they come for a visit. As long as you follow the rules, you should be able to enjoy some time with your pet while also getting to see them explore and experience your new home-away-from-home. Additionally, your pet will likely get a lot of love from your fellow students. Pets on campus are usually pretty rare, so everyone seems to flock to friendly dogs whenever they happen to be around. If youre really struggling, look into how you can make your pet a part of your college life. For some people, having animal companionship is an important factor in their emotional and mental health. For others, its just something that they truly enjoy and that makes them happy. If not having your pet around is a seemingly overwhelming challenge, consider exploring your options: Can you transfer to a pet-friendly college?Can you live off-campus in a place where pets are allowed?Can you do some volunteer work at a pet shelter or rescue program where you can get interaction with animals on a consistent basis? Keep your options open so that not having a pet during your time in school becomes an easy problem to fix instead of an insurmountable issue to overcome.

Film Review - The Young and Restless in China Movie

Film - The Young and Restless in China - Movie Review Example The film touches on social issues that form the basis of this study aiming at reviewing the social issues represented in the film. Cultural beliefs and the need for personal independence is one of the social issues depicted in the film, Young and the Restless in China. Changes in the economic conditions in China from Maoism and socialism that advocated the respect of the Communist Party, serve people, and the country. However, these conditions resulted in the dissolution resulting in changes at a very fast rate affecting the young Chinese. Miranda Hong finds herself at crossroads between living in the reformed country and the guidelines from her parents from the Maoist period. She is forced to apply for college outside Beijing owing to the oppressive environment at her home since her parents were very strict. She is tone between following cultural guidelines on how to live her life, meet her husband’s demands, and be herself in the face of changes in the economic system. The other change evident in the social and cultural condition of China is the cutthroat competition of businesses resulting in widespre ad corruption by government officials for success. There is a large contrast between the situation and the Maoist system that existed before as explained through the life of Ben Wu in the course of his setting up his business and the need for trust and knowing people to be successful in China. Divorce and changing the belief system represent the culture changes in China since they were no divorce in earlier times but through the lives of Lu Dong. The other cultural changes in China are related to family and the need for education of the girl child that is slowly catching up. Marriage for a girl child was the norm with responsibilities including caring for the in-laws and field labour. However, through Yang Haiyan a number of changes including working away from her family and earning money to assist herself and not married her by her parents. Wei Zhanyan

Federalism As a System of Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Federalism As a System of Government - Essay Example The present research has identified that federalism promotes diversity in the system by allowing states and provinces to devise their own policies in matters related to public welfare such as education, health, and agriculture whereas at the same time it also ensures the unity among the various units of the states by giving the national responsibilities like currency, foreign affairs and defense to the central government. Federalism creates a very healthy political environment in the country which ensures political activity at the grass root level as well because the system of provincial and the system of local governments directly involve people in political activity. In this way people get to know about correct policy making and various policies can be tested in the country at the same time; better political grooming ensures better political leaders as well. Due to the disintegration of powers to various systems of governments reaching the grass root level through local and provinc ial governments, federalism provides a system in which good governance can be ensured. Each government has its own responsibility, federal government is responsible for the security of the country, provincial governments are responsible for the welfare of the public whereas local governments are responsible for providing services to the public; in this way the duties are divided and governments can work with greater efficiency and their performance is greatly enhanced. ... Federalism has turned out to be a very successful system of government however it has certain disadvantages as well. It allows certain disorderly members of the society to manipulate laws of taxation on various different commodities by purchasing and using them in different states because the government cannot impose tax or duty on interprovincial transfer of goods. The diversity in other laws which include laws related to criminal offense also allows the wrongdoers to escape punishment by moving to another state where the offense is not punishable under law. The laws related to social contract like marriage and inheritance are also exploited by people due to diversity among them in provinces and states. In certain situations the system of federal government allows interstate conflict to occur because certain projects related to natural resources and infrastructure which are beneficial for one state can affect people and the interests of any other state, in such a situation a riv alry between the states is promoted and thus the spirit of nationalism is greatly damaged. Federalism very often leads to disputes between states over the division of resources and responsibilities among the states. The federal system of government with its all system of governments is economically very costly to support because there is a large number of elected representatives and officials in the government which are salaried by tax money (Freely and Rubin). The presence of three parallel systems of government also creates complexity in the governance. The federal government is always biased towards one or another province because of the inherent attachment with a political party and thus in certain areas of governance where the provinces and

The Wall in Robert Frosts Mending Wall As A Symbol of Division Essay Example for Free

The Wall in Robert Frosts Mending Wall As A Symbol of Division Essay The ordinarily mundane takes a thought arousing spin in one of Robert Frost’s earlier works, â€Å"Mending Wall†. This poem is a striking take on an otherwise commonplace ritual between two farmers in the spring. Because the poem is in blank verse, it carries a casual folksy feel throughout, contradictory to its deeper message and paradoxical tone. â€Å"Good fences make good neighbors. † This line is a paradox when compared with the previous statement, â€Å"Something there is that doesn’t love a wall. † Fences equate to walls, and what are walls but provisional boundaries? The boundary in this story is a fence made of stone that separates the properties of two neighboring farmers. This wall is the focal point of the poem, the subject that brings to attention the divide between individuals. The speaker one day finds the wall broken from what appears to be the after effects of winter. He calls his neighbor to meet with him to fix the wall and does so annually. The wall is ironic in that although it separates the two individuals, it brings them together once a year. The two live united, but separated. The wall is a metaphor for the separation between the speaker and the neighbor and perhaps even a greater analogy for the division of people as a society. These divisions could include a division of thought, which we see is different for the two characters. The speaker believes that the wall is unnecessary when he asks his neighbor, â€Å"Why do they make good fences? Isn’t it where there are cows? But here there are no cows. † His neighbor replies with the same old adage he stated before. It is apparent that the neighbor and speaker are of differing opinions and backgrounds. We might even assume that the neighbor and speaker are of different ages, meaning there may be a generational gap between the two that creates this difference of opinion. â€Å"Something there is, that doesn’t love a wall That sends the frozen ground swell underneath it. † A reversal of syntax in the first line paints the narrative in a decidedly ambiguous manor and leaves it up to the reader to interpret what â€Å"something† could be. We find out later that that something likely is nature, or the natural forces of winter. The wall is portrayed as an unnatural thing, something that is not a part of nature, something that does not fit in with the natural environment. This notion is supported when he later states, â€Å"To each the boulders have fallen to each. And some are loaves and some are so nearly balls we have to use a spell to make them balance†. Frost suggests that there is a natural force tearing down the walls because the walls are not natural. The narrator stresses that the rocks that make up the wall fit together so unnaturally and so imperfectly that they need a â€Å"spell† to help them balance. Spells are unnatural and are magical, so it is as if the wall is held up by spells. We can garner from the text that this particular wall has many forces out to destroy it(eg. natural tolls, animals, hunters, etc. ) and its destruction is an annual occurrence. Even its reoccurring destruction implies its unnaturalness and that nature does not agree with it. Perhaps nature itself is intent on destroying the wall, as it is an unnatural extension of man and all unnatural extensions of man(eg. skyscrapers, buildings, cities) are meant to fall down to nature at some point. The paradox again is that the wall is made of stone, or natural elements, and this wall is destroyed each year. Perhaps the destruction is a reflection of the speaker’s desire to break down the physical and imaginary boundary between the two neighbors that the wall represents.

Night :: essays research papers

Night 4 Books related to Night 4 Night by Elie Wiesel showed me the true horrors that took place during World War II. After reading this book, I really took time to think about and reflect upon the travesties that took place during that time. Throughout my paper, I will discuss Elie Wiesel’s life, his style, the cultural information and historical content of the book. I will also evaluate this book according to its quality interest it provided me. I hope you find this book review to be informative and entertaining. Elie Wiesel was born in 1928 in Romania. He grew up experiencing the first-hand horrors of the holocaust. At age 15, Elie was sent to Auschwitz camp by the Nazis. Auschwitz is known to be one of the worst camps during the Holocaust. This book is a biography, about his life in camp. This book is extremely detailed and it is meant for teenagers. I think that it is important for people to have the information as to what went on in the holocaust. It is a perfect resource for people my age, since it is a short book, and doesn’t go into too much detail. There is also a lot of action, which would catch most people’s attention. This book takes place during World War II. Elie Wiesel and his family are taken to Auschwitz, one of the worst -2- camps during the holocaust. His family and him are persecuted for really no reason, as were the rest of the Jews at this time. All of the information presented were the many things I have learnt in classes, about World War II. An example is when the Nazis would tell people that they were taking them to the shower room. The people would all be stripped of their clothes and thrown in. The next moment, a lethal gas would start coming out of the walls, and kill them. The term â€Å"genocide† was also used in this book. I learnt about genocide and the definition is the mass killing of a whole group or race. I think it is remarkable how a whole race could be destroyed, like the Jews were during this time. None of the information conflicts with what I have learnt in class. There is no way that anyone could possibly find it in their heart to defend or forgive the Nazis for what they did.

Management Processes of Nintendo Co. Ltd.

Contemporary Trends and Developing and Organizing Management Assignment MANAGEMENT PROCESSES OF NINTENDO CO. LTD. [pic] TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. History of management and achivements3 1. 1Introduction3 1. 2History of management and achivements3 2. Corporate culture and social responsobility programs8 2. 1Corporate culture8 2. 2Social responsobility programs8 3. External and internal environment of organization9 3. 1External environment9 3. 2Internal environment9 4. Strategic planning and competetive advantages10 4. 1Strategic planning10 4. 2Competetive advantages12 5. Organizational structure and design 12 6. Motivation and HR principles12 6. 1Motivation12 6. 2HR principles12 7. Control process and quality management 13 8. Communications and decision making 13 9. Conclusion 13 10. References 16 History of management and achievements 1. Introduction The history of Nintendo is a way of little firm seeking its niche on service and entertainments market who became a giant corporation, affected and affects on life of few generations and determinant of modern fashion on virtual scene. The history of Nintendo it’s a well learned lessons of market and talented employees. The history of Nintendo it’s a history of Mario, Pokemons, Donkey Kong, Zelda, Metroid, Star Fox, Kid Icarus and many other personages who transforms into popular trade marks. 1. 2 History of management and achievements It is funny, but Nintendo Koppai primordial works in entertainment field. The corporation was founded in 1889 by manufacturer Fusajiro Yamauchi and foundation of business for long years was production of playing cards. Singular popularity was had the Hanafuda card game, which is a distance relative of Chinese mahjong game. The deck consists from hieroglyphs, images and symbols and the principles of the game were to find the second pair of cards. From competitors production the products of Nintendo was different by its quality – all gaming cards was hand made painted and covered with varnish. In recognition of card-playing roots, the name â€Å"Nintendo† (Nin ten do means â€Å"leave luck to heaven†). In 1902 Nintendo became very lucky – Fusajiro Yamauchi was the first in Japan who receive a license to produce playing cards in western style. It brings very successful business for that time. The company swiftly grows, builds new manufacturers, creates its own distribution net using tobacco shops and salt benches and strictly watched over quality. Until 1949 the name of company changed twice: in 1933 – to Yamauchi Nintendo & Company and in 1949 – to Nintendo Playing Card Company. In 1953, Nintendo became the first company in Japan who produce playing cards from plastic. This was a huge hit and allowed Nintendo to dominate the card market. Starting point of formation the main philosophy of now days â€Å"big N† was 1956. Exactly then 3rd president of Nintendo and grandson of Nintendo founder Hiroshi Yamauchi arrived to USA to establish business relations with Southern America’s first-rate playing cards firm – United States Playing Card Company. Japanese was amazed not by business acumen, not by swing of enterprise and not by perspective for his own business, but by little office which has lower than a dozen employees. This was a turning point for Yamauchi, who then realized the limitations of the playing card business. In 1959, Nintendo struck a deal with Disney to have them allow Nintendo to use Disney's characters on Nintendo's playing cards. By tying playing cards to Disney and selling books explaining the different games one could play with the cards, Nintendo could sell the product to Japanese households. The tie-in was a success and the company sold at least 600,000 card packs in a single year. Due to this success, in 1962, Yamauchi took Nintendo public, listing the company in Osaka Stock Exchange Second division. A little state of managers and an army of heroes, representing the market, was the main strategy of Nintendo over the years. Following the aforementioned success, in 1963 Nintendo Playing Card Company Limited was renamed to Nintendo Company, Limited by Hiroshi. Nintendo now began to experiment in other areas of business using the newly injected capital. During the period of time between 1963 and 1968, Nintendo set up a taxi company, a â€Å"love hotel† chain, a food company (trying to sell instant rice, similar to instant noodles), and several other things. All these ventures failed, except toy making, where they had some earlier experience from selling playing cards. Then the bottom dropped out. In 1964, while Japan was experiencing an economic boom due to the Tokyo Olympics, the playing card business reached its saturation point. Japanese households stopped buying playing cards, and the price of Nintendo stock fell down. All undertaking awaits shameful bankruptcy and company predicted the final devastation. The rescue came from little experimental division – Nintendo Games. Modest engineer Gunpei Yokoi offers to sale some of his inventions as baby toys. Along with experimental models were the future bestsellers – mechanic hand The Ultra Hand (one of Nintendo's earliest toy blockbusters, selling over a million units), electronic toy for sweethearts The Love Tester and a slot-machine for baseball balls Ultra Machine. Yokoi was soon moved from maintenance duty to product development. Toys rescued the company from bankruptcy but don’t make bygone profits. Per se every season customers wait from Nintendo something new, no ordinary. Jointly with Sharp, Nintendo Games develops successful enough light shooting-range – Beam Gun and undertake development of high growth sector of entertainment – electronic games. This was the beginning of a major new era for Nintendo. In 1977, Nintendo saw the hiring of Shigeru Miyamoto, the man who (along with Yokoi) become a living legend in the world of gaming, the father of hundreds ersonages, genius of virtual worlds and the secret to Nintendo's longevity; his creative vision was instrumental in determining the path Nintendo's future (and indeed, the industry's as a whole) would follow. Yokoi began to mentor Miyamoto during this period of time in R&D, teaching him all that he knew. The company cope the new market in Japan. Approach on customers g uides by three directions: arcade automatic machines, home and pocket game systems. In 1977 Nintendo released its first â€Å"Color TV Game 6†³ and â€Å"Color TV Game 15† (6 and 15 indicates the number of games) which offers a few games: tennis, rally and arcanoid. One year later in western markets announced Computer Othello (analogue of reversi game). First releases doesn’t has a big success, unless the console sold by million copies. In 1980 Gunpei Yokoi releases the real bomb of free time annihilation – pocket game platform Game & Watch. Each console came with one game with two different level difficulties. Simple game mechanic changes lightly: the gamer must press the right button on the right time. Environment and decoration of games were different: that were Mickey Mouse who catches the eggs, was firemen who catches the survivors from houses and so on. Copies of those games were released even in Soviet â€Å"Electronica† pocket games were not Mickey Mouse, but the Wolf and the Hare became main heroes. 59 games of Nintendo sold all over the world more than 10 million copies. In 1981 along with Shigeru Miyamoto Nintendo launched Radar Scope – modest and plain scroll shooter, which dedicated to be a star within arcade automated machines but it fails. Thanks to Shigeru Miyamoto, who completely change the game and automated machines hardware to work with new game, the Radar Scope launched with different name and game – under the name of Donkey Kong. The game has fantastic success and it became one of the most popular games of all time. In 1981 along with giant monkey, in Donkey Kong game, first time debut two small pieces of red and pink pixels, which soon find their names – Mario and princess Pitch. Total sales of games with little sanitary technician Mario on cover, step the barrier over 250 million copies in 2008. After great success of Donkey Kong, Shigeru Miyamoto begins his tight collaboration with Gunpei Yokoi. This friendship helps to born almost all future hits of Nintendo: from Super Mario to Metroid. The success of arcade slot machines with games from Shigeru Miyamoto allows engineer Masayuki Uemura to finish his development of second gaming system from Nintendo: in 1983 in Japan launched Famicom (Family Computer), which has selling over 500,000 units within two months. The console was also a technical insulation and inexpensive when compared to its competitors, priced at about 100 dollars. By 1985, the Famicom had proven to be a huge continued success in Japan. However, Nintendo also encountered a problem with the sudden popularity of the Famicom — they did not have the resources to manufacture games at the same pace they were selling them. To combat this, Yamauchi decided to divide his employees into three groups, the groups being Research & Development 1 (R&D 1), Research & Development 2 (R&D 2) and Research & Development 3 (R&D 3). R&D 1 was headed by Gunpei Yokoi, R&D 2 was headed by Masayuki Uemura, and R&D 3 was headed by Genyo Takeda. Using these groups, Yamauchi hoped Nintendo would produce a small number of high quality games rather than a large number of average quality games. During this period of time, Nintendo rekindled their desire to release the Famicom in the USA. But the launch slows down. The reason was not in production and not in localization – but the company seeks reliable partner in USA. Since the company had very little experience with the United States market, they had previously attempted to contract with Atari for the system's distribution in 1983. However, a fiasco involving Coleco and Donkey Kong soured the relationship between the two during the negotiations, and Atari refused to back Nintendo's console. The video game crash of 1983 soon took out not only Atari, but the vast majority of the American market itself. Nintendo was on its own. Nintendo was determined not to make the same mistakes in the US that Atari had. Because of massive influxes of games that were regarded as some of the worst ever created, gaming had almost completely died out in America. Nintendo decided that to avoid facing the same problems, they would only allow games that received their â€Å"Seal of Quality† to be sold for the Famicom, using a chip called 10NES to â€Å"lockout† or prevent unlicensed games from working. In 1985, Nintendo announced that they were releasing the Famicom worldwide — except under a different name — the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) — and with a different design. It is one of the most popular consoles of all time. In Japan the NES console sold by 100 dollars without additional accessories. From US market the price was expensive almost twice – for 199 dollars the gamers receive the console and the new megahit – Super Mario Bros. Total sales from Japan and US was approximately the same – in Japan – a little more than 32 million, and in US – almost 30 million. There are a few reasons of popularity. First, both for Japanese and US gamers, games from new producer was a draught of fresh air, which forever changes conceptions about genres and games. Second, the lucky concatenation of circumstances – the only competitor was distressed Atari and that fact allows Nintendo to control over 90% of console market. Third, the cheaper prime cost of console – for self-repayment and profit earning it is enough to sell the console for silly 75 dollars. Not the last role keeps the cartridge – holder of information, which works up a market with its simplicity and reliability. Interval of three years, during which the company seeks for reliable partner in USA to launch NES, allows developing percussive army of hits. On console scrapes first melodies of Mario (1983, 1985, 1988, 1990, Link twice goes to his mystic adventures (The Legend of Zelda – 1986 and Zelda II: The Adventure of Link – 1988) and Samus Aran goes for her first mission given by Galactic Federation (1986). Final Fantasy (1987) and Metal Gear (1988) achieves phenomenal success. The family of Belmonts three times goes to quilt Dracula by family whip in Castelvania (Castelvania – 1986, Castelvania II: Simon’s Quest – 1987, Castelvania III: Dracula’s Curse – 1989). The ninja Ru also three times goes versus demons and monsters (Ninja Gaiden – 1989; Ninja Gaiden II: The Dark Sword of Chaos – 1990; Ninja Gaiden III: The Ancient Ship of Doom – 1991). Almost all games sold with fantastic numbers of copies. Absolute record has Mario (recognized as one of the best games in all times) – trilogy Super Mario Bros sold over 68 million copies (total Mario series sales from 1983 up to 2008 are over 250 million copies). Next came The Legend of Zelda (the 5th series, The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time, released in 1998, recognized as the best game ever created in gaming industry) – 20 million copies (total sales of The Legend of Zelda (12 series) from 1986 up to 2008 are over 220 million copies). Rest of Nintendo games against a background of such achievement achieves only â€Å"modest† few million copies. The last major blockbuster game for the NES, Super Mario Bros. 3, was released in early 1990. The game went on to sell over 18 million units. In 1988, Nintendo of America unveiled Nintendo Power, a monthly news and strategy magazine from Nintendo that served to advertise new games. The first issue published was the July/August edition, which spotlighted the NES game Super Mario Bros. 2. Nintendo Power is still published today with its two hundredth issue released in February 2006. Phenomenal success of its ancestors repeats the new pocket console. In 1989 Nintendo launched Game Boy (created by Gunpei Yokoi), which easily sends to nowhere the last argument from Atari – the Lynx console with color screen. Twice, in 1998 and 2001, Nintendo launched new modifications of Game Boy and confidently defends its niche from any invaders. Sales of 200 million Game Boy consoles – and superiority of big N in 21st century is inaccessible to competitors. It eventually became the best selling portable game system of all time. Later, Super Mario Land was also released for the Game Boy, which sold 14 million copies worldwide. The games don’t remain behind as well. Very successfully was vested interests on Tetris – the Russian casual game of all times and nations easy sold over 33 million copies. However, soon the tastes of auditorium changed – the tamagochies and pokemons gather fantastic popularity, but Nintendo was on time to buy license from owners. Games with silly small animals-gladiators easy beats Tetris sales – over 35 million copies sold on the first two models of Game Boy and another 32 millions – on Game Boy Advance (GBA). Since then Mario and The Legend of Zelda was created, the Pokemon trademark was 3rd amazing success of Nintendo Corporation. Total sales of game exceeded the barrier of 180 million copies (up to 2008). Even the legendary The Legend of Zelda 2 was unable to beat Pokemons with its â€Å"only† 17 million copies. The Super Famicom was released in Japan on November 21, 1990. The system's launch was widely successful, and the Super Famicom was sold out across Japan within three days. In August 1991, the Super Famicom was launched in the US under the name â€Å"Super Nintendo Entertainment System† (SNES). The SNES was released in Europe in 1992. In Japan, the Super Famicom easily took control of the gaming market. In the US, due to a late start and an aggressive marketing campaign by Sega. Nintendo has serious competitor as Sega Mega Drive and Sega Genesis which pass ahead Nintendo by 3 years, when Nintendo seeks for a partner in US, and have time to take lead position in 16 bit systems market. Nintendo saw its market share take a precipitous plunge from 90-95% with the NES to a low of approximately 35% against the Sega Genesis. Over the course of several years, the SNES in North America eventually overtook the Sega Genesis, thanks to franchise titles such as Super Mario World, The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past, Street Fighter II, and the Final Fantasy series. Total worldwide sales of the SNES were higher than the Genesis. With essential loses the combat wins the big N – over 60 million sales against 29 from Sega. In 1992 Gunpei Yokoi and the rest of R 1 began planning on a new virtual reality console to be called the Virtual Boy. Hiroshi Yamauchi also bought majority shares of the Seattle Mariners in 1992. Alas, but Virtual Boy with helmet instead of screen had a fiasco in 1995. Also in 1995, Nintendo again found themselves in a competitive situation. Competitor Sega introduced their 32-bit Saturn, while newcomer Sony introduced the 32-bit PlayStation. Sony's fierce marketing campaigns ensued, and it started to cut into Nintendo and Sega's market share. On June 23 1996, the Nintendo 64 (N64) was released in Japan and became a huge hit, selling over 500,000 units on the first day of its release. On September 29 1996, Nintendo released the Nintendo 64 in North America, and it too was a success. Many feel that the advertising onslaught by Sony at this time did not truly begin to take effect until many of the consumers who held out for the N64 became frustrated at the lack of software following the first few months after the system's release. What also greatly contributed to the extremely competitive climate that Nintendo was entrenched in was the fact that many third-party companies immediately began developing and releasing many of their leading games for Nintendo's competing consoles. Many of those third party companies cited cheaper development and manufacturing costs for the CD format, versus the cartridge format. In 1996, Pocket Monsters (known internationally as â€Å"Pokemon†) was released in Japan to a huge following. The Pokemon franchise, created by Satoshi Tajiri, was proving so popular in America, Europe, and Japan, that for a brief time, Nintendo took back their place as the supreme power in the games industry. In 1997, Gunpei Yokoi died in a car accident at the age of 57. On October 13 1998, the Game Boy Color was released in Japan, with releases in North America and Europe a month later. Nintendo released the Game Boy Advance in Japan on March 21 2001. This was followed by the North American launch on June 11 and the European launch on June 22. Nintendo released the GameCube home video game console on September 14 2001 in Japan. It was released in North America on November 18 2001, Europe on May 3 2002 and Australia on May 17 2002. In 2002, Hiroshi Yamauchi stepped down as the president of Nintendo and named Satoru Iwata his successor. Nintendo and Chinese-American scientist Dr Wei Yen co-founded iQue to manufacture and distribute official Nintendo consoles and games for the mainland Chinese market under the iQue brand. During the same year, Nintendo's aggressive business tactics in Europe would catch up to them. The European Commission determined that Nintendo had engaged in anticompetitive price-fixing business practices dating at least as far back as the early 90s. This resulted in a heavy fine being laid against the company- â‚ ¬149 million, one of the largest antitrust fines applied in the history of the commission. In May 2004, Nintendo announced plans to release a new brand of handheld, unrelated to the Game Boy, featuring two screens, one of which was touch-sensitive. The Nintendo DS, released on November 21 2004, received over three million pre-orders. In addition to the touch screen, the DS can also create three-dimensional graphics, similar to those of the Nintendo 64, although its lack of hardware support for texture filtering results in more pixilated graphics than on the Nintendo 64. At E3 in May 2005, Nintendo displayed the first prototype for their â€Å"next-generation† system, codenamed the Nintendo Revolution (now known as the Wii), its controller revealed at the Tokyo Game Show later that year. On January 26 2006, Nintendo announced a new version of their Nintendo DS handheld, the Nintendo DS Lite, designed to be smaller and lighter, with a brighter screen. It was launched in Japan on March 2 2006. On June 11 2006, Nintendo released their update to the Nintendo DS, the Nintendo DS Lite, in North America, also on this day Nintendo opened its official US press site to the public which continued until June 17 2006. On June 23 2006, Nintendo released the Nintendo DS Lite in Europe. On July 7 2006, Nintendo officially established a South Korean subsidiary, Nintendo Korea, in the country's capital, Seoul, which replaced Daewon Media as the official distributor of Nintendo products in South Korea. In early August 2006, it was revealed that the Nintendo corporation (along with Microsoft) was the target of a patent-infringement lawsuit. Leveled by the Anascape Corporation, the suit claims that Nintendo's use of analog technology in their remote game controllers constitutes a violation of their patents. Microsoft is also named in the lawsuit, for the same reasons. The lawsuit seeks to bring damages to both corporations and possibly force them to stop selling controllers with the violating technology. Corporate culture and social responsobility programs 2. 1 Corporate culture Men/ Women There is a majority of women in the many headquarters. An estimated 70% of the employees are women. However, the top positions in the company, for example management positions, are still mainly occupied by men. This might have something to do with the fact that the Japanese headquarters are in charge and that they much rather work with men than women. Nationalities There are about 25 different nationalities working in each Nintendo branch. They come from all different branches all over the world. This causes little difficulties. Of course there are always some minor issues but nothing really worth mentioning. The biggest problems occur when doing business with the Japanese because their culture is so very different. Due to all these different nationalities the company language is English. Innovation What is a huge and important part of Nintendo culture is innovation. They have always done this and they always will. They realize that innovation piques the human intellect and allows them to develop a constant stream of new entertainment ideas. Heroes and beliefs There are heroes and beliefs in Nintendo Corporation. One of the heroes is Gunpei Yokoi, which has incredible creativity, talent and modesty. He is a bright example to imitate and follow. Another one is Shigeru Miyamoto. With his name concerned a belief that brilliant creations can be easy as technician Mario and that the excellent things is a simple things. Events They took on an American habit called â€Å"Casual Friday†. This means that on Friday no one wears ties or suits, everyone comes to work in a casual, comfortable outfit. As there are a lot of young people in the company this initiative is very appreciated among the employees. Team building events are organized every now and then to strengthen the bond between the employees. There are several parties during the year, they have a Christmas party and a summer party. They are very important for the staff and whenever the management tries to move one of these to a later date the employees are not very happy. Events like these are very important to maintain a positive atmosphere within the company. 2. 2 Social responsibility programs One of the Nintendo Wii’s social responsibilities: We see a responsibility to have our players up and moving around, because sitting in place can cause health problems – every body needs to move to be healthy. That’s how Wii Sports was born, and the next idea in pushing that forward is Wii Fit. It even more than a game – creating an experience that gives back to the player in ways that are physically beneficial and emotionally beneficial. It’s something that Nintendo is passionate about as a company. External and internal environment of organization 3. 1 External environment Competitors Nintendo has some competitors, these are: ? Playstation, Playstation2, Playstation3 â€Å"Sony computer entertainment Inc. â€Å" ? XBox â€Å"Microsoft Corporation† Market share Nintendo is a Japan’s third most valuable listed company with a market value of more than 85 billion US dollars. Company earnings in 2007 year is 966,5 billion yen ($8,19 billion), net profit — 174,3 billion yen ($1,48 billion). According to NPD data, Nintendo was responsible for 69% of US game industry growth in the first five months of 2007. In Wii households 66% of those aged 25 – 49 play the console regularly. And about 50% of men 50 or older have tried the Wii. 70% of US spending on video games in 2002 were for console hardware and games, 30% for portables. In 2006, it was a 50/50 split. Traditionally a bastion for young gamers, sales for Nintendo products in North and South America in 2005 was 28% by those 25 or older. In 2007, it increased to 32%. For those 18 – 24, the share increased from 15 to 21 % over the same period. The DS passed 40 mln sold worldwide in the first half of 2007. In the US currently, there are 60 Wii games and 300 DS games available. By the end of 2007, there will be 100 Wii titles and 140 more DS titles. 3. 2 Internal environment Number of headquarters employees: 3,768 Board of directors Satoru Iwata: President & CEO Reggie Fils-Aime: President & COO of NOA Conrad Abbott: President of NOC Rose Lappin: President of Nintendo Australia Hiroshi Yamauchi: Former President & Chairman Minoru Arakawa & Howard Lincoln: Former heads of NOA Satoru Shibata: President of NOE Masaharu Matsumoto:Managing Director and Director Eiichi Suzuki:Managing Director and Director– Yoshihiro Mori: Senior Managing Director, General Manager – Corporate Analysis & Administration Division and Representative Director Shinji Hatano: Senior Managing Director – Licensing Division, General Manager – Licensing Division and Representative Director Shigeru Miyamoto: Senior Managing Director – Entertainment Analysis & Development Division, General Manager – Entertainment Analysis & Development Division and Representative Director Nobuo Nagai: Senior Managing Director and Representative Director Genyo Takeda: Senior Managing Director of Integrated Research & Development Division, General Manager – Integrated Research & Development Division and Representative Director Strategic planning and competetive advanteges Much of Nintendo’s success can likely be attributed to their focus on younger and casual gamers that have not recently been the focus of Microsoft and Sony. Nintendo’s main strategy is to peoduce less games qith superiour quality than to produce more games but without superiour quality. 4. Strategic planning Corporate mission and philosophy At Nintendo we are proud to be working for the leading company in our industry. We are strongly committed to producing and marketing the best products and support services available. We believe it is essential not only to provide products of the highest quality, but to treat every customer with attention, consideration an d respect. By listening closely to our customers, we constantly improve our products and services. We feel an equal commitment toward our employees. We want to maintain an atmosphere in which talented individuals can work together as a team. Commitment and enthusiasm are crucial to the high quality of our products and support services. We believe in treating our employees with the same consideration and respect that we, as a company, show our customers. SWOT analysis Strengths: Nintendo has four main strengths: a strong brand name, high returns, high employee efficiency, and debt free status. Nintendo’s strong brand name comes from about twenty-five years experience in the video gaming business. Not only do they have a strong presence in the console market but they are the leader in the handheld console market. They pioneered this market in 1989 with the original Game Boy. Since then, they have upgraded to create Game Boy Advanced and Nintendo DS, which sold 79. 5 million units and 40. 3 million units, respectively, in fiscal 2007. The Nintendo Wii, which is their most updated console, sold 5. 84 million units in the first five months in its launch alone. This system consists of motion sensors attached to the end of the controllers as well as the console, which makes the games more interactive. A high percentage of the people that play video games in today’s day are college students. Being part of that percentage, I know that I think highly of Nintendo based mainly on the fact that they created regular Nintendo. If I could choose today between playing the most technologically advanced gaming console and the original Legend of Zelda, I would play Legend of Zelda for hours. Nintendo has also been very successful in investing their resources in profitable companies and ideas. This would include their ownership in the Seattle Mariners and the Atlanta Hawks. It also refers to their high return on assets and equity when compared with other companies in the same industry. Nintendo also has high employee efficiency. According to Datamonitor, â€Å"revenue per employee was about $206,960 in fiscal year 2007, significantly higher compared to the industry average of about $3,684 during the same period. † Nintendo’s biggest strength in my opinion is their ability to stay debt free. Their most recent debt to equity ratio was zero compared to the industry’s average of 11. 9%. This not only shows that they are able to efficiently finance its’ operations but also enjoys a lot of financial flexibility. Weaknesses: Nintendo’s two biggest weaknesses are having a dependence on contract manufacturers as well as having low earnings per share. In regards to the dependence on contract manufacturers, Nintendo reaches out to companies to produce the key components of their consoles as well as assembling the finished products. The problem is, the new Nintendo Wii console is under such high demand that the manufacturers are not able to supply the key components or assemble the products fast enough creating a lack of finished products to be sold. It is assumed that this shortage will have a sizeable affect on the company’s overall revenue. Low earnings per share is calculated by dividing profit by the weighted average common shares. Nintendo recorded a 12. 6% decline in its earnings per share for five year period, from 2003 to 2007, significantly lower compared to the corresponding industry average of 43. 9%. † This is important to note because it may affect the investors in the company negatively by lowering their confidence. A third weakness is the lack of games produced for Nintendo consoles. In my personal opini on, I have steered away from recent Nintendo products such as Gamecube and Wii because of the lack of games so far. Regular Nintendo, Super Nintendo, Gameboy, and Nintendo 64 all had a wide variety of games. Gamecube and Wii, however, have been overshadowed by other systems with many more games such as Playstation 2, Xbox, and Xbox360. It seems as if Nintendo is always so anxious to get their gaming systems out that they never wait to have enough games to satisfy their customers. Opportunities: Nintendo has a few different opportunities. For starters, the United States game software market is soaring right now. Video games and consoles are some of the most sold items, especially during the holiday season. Because of their reasonable prices, games can be given as gifts by pretty much anyone. The video game market is also soaring as is evident by the $8 billion dollars in revenues in 2006 in addition to the consoles market generating $6. 6 billion dollars in revenues during the same year. These figures are expected to increase as well over the next couple years to reach up to $10. 3 billion dollars at the end of 2011. Another grand opportunity that Nintendo is planning on attacking is the Indian console market. Although the revenues are not nearly as much as the American market, the Indian market for consoles is expected to skyrocket to $120 million by 2010 from just $13. 3 million in 2006. Because of Nintendo’s great brand image, as discussed under strengths, Nintendo will succeed in these new markets. The greatest opportunity, however, is in the online gaming market. The world is continuing to become more computer oriented in such that computers are now about as normal household item as a television set. Because of this, and the generation of children growing up in this kind of environment, the market of online gaming is become increasingly large. In 2006, only 46 million people were using broadband connections to play video games online. That number is expected to jump up to 413 million users by the year 2010. Nintendo has taken steps to attract this audience by setting up their Wii system to be internet accessible and have the ability to update content, including up to date weather services and news feeds. Threats: There are a handful of threats that go along with all of these opportunities and strengths, however. For one, Nintendo products are often very pricey. This allows other products with similar or slightly lesser quality to steal customers by pricing their respective consoles and games to make them more affordable. Another knock on the Nintendo products is their short lifecycle. In the video game industry, products â€Å"lose their flavor† after approximately nine months, at which point a different product will come out that seems to be more updated and technologically advanced. Because of this, Nintendo will have to make sure to release all products on time and be able to meet the demand of their products with their supply. Leaving stores sold out of products will result in loss of sales in the long run due to the short lifecycle that each product will enjoy. The last threat to Nintendo products is their poor durability. The Nintendo Wii controllers have had the most significant problems when it comes to this. In many circumstances, the Wii controllers have not been properly designed resulting in the controller flying from the user’s hands and into televisions sets. Having problems such as these results in recalls, which is a very lengthy and expensive process. To prevent this, Nintendo must confirm that all products are being properly designed and manufactured prior to release. 4. 2 Competitive advantages The advantages to Nintendo are firstly that it makes their console cheaper to manufacture. This means that they can sell the base console at a profit whilst their competitors have to subsidise the retail price. It also gives Nintendo far more room to manoevre when it comes to using the price mechanism to take on that competition. The second advantage is that games are a lot easier, quicker and cheaper to develop. In fact they are more comparable with PS2 games in this area. This, obviously, has a massive effect on what appears on the game shop shelf and when it appears. Quite simply, it should be far easier for a publisher to make a profit on Wii, which explains why so much development resource has been directed at it. Organizational structure and design Branches Nintendo has branches all over the world: America, Asia, Europe and Africa. Their headquarters are located in Japan and the European headquarters â€Å"Nintendo of Europe GmbHâ€Å"is located in Germany, Gro? ostheim. Hierarchy The headquarters in Japan are at the top of the hierarchy, they give direct orders to Nintendono of Europe GmbH, which is under the supervision of a president. The company in Germany consists of many different parts: Legal services, administration and marketing and sales. In charge of those are senior managers who report directly to the president. Those senior managers are in charge of a team of directors, to whom the employees must report to. Motivation and HR principles 6. 1 Motivation High salaries and great bonuses. – Health and other insurances. – Creative multinational environment. – Career grows opportunities. 6. 2 HR principles Trainings and seminars Nintendo organize English classes for their employees, as well as seminars in order to educate their employees on different subjects so that they can functi on better within the company. Recruitment Nintendo is constantly recruiting people. There are different possibilities to recruit employees, depending on the position. For important positions such as management, they tend to use headhunters. There is also an online application form, where people can apply for a job. Quite often they put advertisements in newspapers and magazines. Another common way of filling in vacancies is recruiting within the company or you can find the person you need through connections such as friends or former colleagues etc. Requirements The requirements are very different, depending on the job. When it comes to finding warehouse workers training is of course the most important. In higher positions however, a good combination of training and social skills is inevitable. Naturally, the importance of the latter is higher in positions where there is a lot of interaction with other people, for example customer services and sales. When it comes to appearances we could say that there is no real formal dress code, mainly because there are a lot of young people in the company. Controll porcess and quality management Nintendo has it own quality standards: Nintendo Seal of Quality. Originally, for NTSC countries, the seal was a large, black and gold circular starburst. The seal read as follows: â€Å"This seal is your assurance that NINTENDO has approved and guaranteed the quality of this product. † This seal was later altered in 1988; â€Å"approved and guaranteed† was changed to â€Å"evaluated and approved†. In 1989, the seal became gold and white, like it currently appears, with a shortened phrase, â€Å"Official NINTENDO Seal of Quality†. The symbol remained unchanged until 2003 when â€Å"of Quality† was removed. 1. Communications and decision making Nintendo of Europe GmbH does not experience many problems within Europe or with the USA, but due to enormous cultural differences there are quite a few problems when it comes to dealing with Japan. The Japanese headquarters want to be in control at all times. They are not trusting towards the Europeans and want them to do everything like it is done in Japan. Their way of doing business is very dominating. For instance in Japan the Human Resource department is situated above the company entrance, so they can check the exact times when the employees arrive and leave again. They try to make the Europeans do the same and of course this is not possible because in most companies we fill in our timesheets manually and in general, bosses and employees are happy with that way of working, which is very hard to understand for the Japanese. When it comes to dealing with problem situations, and there are meetings with Europeans and Japanese, everyone can sense that the Japanese are not really taking the European opinions into account. At the end of the day, they feel it is their decision and they solve the problems their way. Conclusion In conclusion, Nintendo has done a great job at creating a good brand image within the video game industry. With the disappointing failure of the Playstation 3, a console expected to rival the Nintendo Wii, Nintendo has been able to enjoy much success with their Wii. Interesting enough, the high prices did not steer consumers away from the console. Instead, during the holiday season, many retail stores were sold out. For the time being it seems as if the Wii will continue to enjoy success by introducing new games to the system. Having a unique system with controls that actually have sensors in which you have to move around to control game has captured everyone’s interest. For the future, I would like to say that Nintendo should begin the planning and preparing process for the release of systems and games sooner so that there is not a higher demand than the supply. However, for some reason or another, Nintendo has done this with most of their products, and with the word-of-mouth marketing, and high product quality, Nintendo has been able to keep their â€Å"flavor of the month† status for longer than most other companies. It can be comparable to the Tickle-Me-Elmo dolls. When they were hard to get, everyone wanted one and would pay thousands of dollars on Ebay just to get one. As soon as they filled the stores though, nobody had any interest anymore. The main managerial issue of the company is that Japanese wants to control all the processes whole time and they never taking into consideration opinion and ideas of them colleagues, which reduced brand loyalty and trust and makes efficiency and effectiveness go down. And if there no trust, there is no wiliness to work effectively and the motivation can decrease dramatically. Japanese must understand, that controlling over the quality doesn’t mean to control over all processes and it doesn’t mean, that they must not taking into consideration their colleagues ideas and opinion. They even don’t want to understand that there are many factors, such as local culture, which they can force to follow by their culture. Moreover it makes limitation to other headquarters managers and top managers’ ideas and decisions, which can be very creative and useful and can solve many problems and make new ideas. And the fact that Japanese don’t take into consideration of their foreign colleague’s opinion is decreasing overall management process of whole company. Japanese needs to change their point of views, otherwise they company will lose their position in the market. This managerial issue is a part of internal environment as well, so it is important to change managerial style and give some creative and decision making freedom to the rest of colleagues. The situation in external environment of organization is much better, than internal. There are not many comments to say, because company’s business is great in the market. For statistic it will be useful to bring the following information: As December 2008 came to a close, one thing was very clear. Nintendo was blowing away the competition in console sales. The company sold 485,000 DS units and 335,000 Wii consoles for the month. During the same period Microsoft's Xbox360 sold 228,000 units and Sony's PlayStation 3 lagged behind with 127,000 units sold. By using some simple math, we can see that Nintendo's latest console, the Wii, almost outsold it main competitors' combined sales for the month. Why are the Nintendo consoles selling so well? We can give a simple answer: â€Å"Keeping it simple, stupid, is winning†¦ Both Wii and the DS don't require big instruction books and that's expanded the audience†¦ Sony and Microsoft took a different path, producing consoles of stunning power and complexity †¦ and price. † â€Å"They've gotten complicated and both companies are following a core gamer audience †¦ whereas Wii and DS are working for both young and old (newcomers to gaming)†¦ the DS has games that go down to pre-school level and the Wii has games where you don't even need to crack the instruction manual at all to play. As future strategic plan, I strongly recommend Nintendo to think about realising gaming mobile phone that will be able to play high quality games as well. Today mobile communications market is one of the biggest in the world and now it is more than communication – it is global thing, combining with internet technologies, photo and video cameras, games, complex prog rams and much more – it’s a new communication of 21st century. And Nintendo can easily and profitable combine one product to do all that thinks perfect. Practice shows that Game Boy was the best pocket gaming console in the world. And if they combine Game Boy with mobile device, it will be amazing and it will be a new super hit of the market. And if they combine their new technologies in a mobile device, like movement sensor in Wii, it will beat the market for sure and will be even successful than the iPhone. But they must be hurry until their main competitors – Microsoft or Sony hit upon it. In that case, they will have competitors in mobile market as well. Along with that, Nintendo must think about on-line internet gaming. Not enhancing a Wii, but making new servers, in which players for example, can directly play with each other by Wii or by PC. In case of PC they can produce additional hardware that will works fine with internet gaming by Nintendo. Using that strategy, Nintendo can create the new virtual gaming world in internet and it will work excellent. Now days fashion in game world is a virtual on-line gaming. And if Nintendo implements new ideas and creates new on-line games using both new and old characters, it will be great advantage in this sphere and will attract more and more gamers to buy Nintendo products. The next steep of strategy is strong advertising. Many peoples, especially the old generation, doesn’t even know that Nintendo exist now days and that it’s as before is a leader of gaming industry. Strong advertising will remind those people, that Nintendo exist and will be attract more and more customers. People, especially children like advertising. They like to watch advertising and say to each other â€Å"See, I already have this device that is on TV – it is great!! † Strong advertising will bring more potential customers. The next major steep will be promotions nd enhancements of social responsibility. It means to actively collaborate in sponsorship programs, like education, social aid, be a sponsor of some huge TV projects, make promotions and seminars for students, who can be potential employee tomorrow. The next would be producing more games. There are not many games on Nintendo, but competitors have a lot of games. Of course, it is not necessary t o make 10000 games to get against Nintendo’s main strategy, but they just can make 50 more quality games and it will works. And it’s time for thinking about new megahit personages. There is already many games and ideas, but they are not mega popular – they need to think about popular ones. Of course, it is interesting to play Castelvania or The Legend of Zelda, but the fans, who played Castelvania 25 years ago are now a little old for that and the new generation doesn’t appreciate so much old personages, because they not grow in that period and they are not fans and they will never buy Wii only for Castelvania like fans. I think Nintendo can easily generate new ideas and new personages, whose can be the next generation’s new mega hits and the new words in fashion. I believe Nintendo will succeed in the new digital media environment because they seem to be a company that can adjust to the market. Thus, for example, analytics consider that Nintendo can control a piece of 85 billion dollars on the entertainment market! Really, it’s not bad for the company who started with two little shops, is it not? References 1. David Sheff â€Å"Game Over: How Nintendo Conquered The Worldâ€Å", 1993 2. www. nintendo. com 3. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Nintendo 4. http://boomson. blogspot. com/2008/02/nintendo-swot-analysis. html

Critical Thinking In Teaching Writing Free Composition Education Essay

1.0 Introduction:The word â€Å" composing † may intend different things in different fortunes. It could be a personal narration, a short work of fiction or prose, an essay, a dramatic work or a verse form. Each of these plants has its ain set of regulations and features. It is presumed that pupils get downing composing free composing pieces will already hold had a thorough preparation in simple, intermediate, or outlined controlled composing work. The intent of the old types of composing techniques in authorship, as I assumed above, is supposed to assist the pupils to compose on any subject introduced by their instructors. Furthermore, they can execute good in scrutinies provided with stuffs, which they can utilize to show themselves clearly, efficaciously and consistently on any topic, which an ordinary individual is expected to cognize something about it. It is of consensus that authorship is a go oning procedure of detecting how to happen the most effectual linguistic comm unication for pass oning one ‘s ideas and feelings. It can be disputing, whether composing in one ‘s native linguistic communication or in a 2nd linguistic communication. As scholars put their ideas on paper, see their thoughts in handwriting or print, and portion them with others, they find that they develop a powerful voice in their new civilization. There is a really simple and of import ground to compose besides pass oning with each other: authorship helps our pupils learn. By composing, scholars reinforce grammatical constructions, parlances, and vocabulary they have been larning. In add-on, when they write they have the opportunity to be more adventuresome with the linguistic communication, they can travel beyond what they have merely learned to state, they take hazards. Finally, when they write, they become involved with the new linguistic communication ; they work hard to show their thoughts and the changeless usage of oculus, encephalon, and manus is a alone man ner to reenforce acquisition. For these grounds, this research is traveling to turn to this subject ( Teaching Writing Free Composition and how it will be thriven if implemented through Critical Thinking ) and in inside informations, attempts to germinate all experient techniques that contribute in success. So, after precise and thorough survey to the subject â€Å" Writing Free Composition † and what is known as â€Å" Critical Thinking ( Informal Logic ) , † appeared that the later is the most progressive manner to be explored for learning composing free composing successfully. This would be more obvious after understanding the definitions of the two. Since composing free composing could be defined as the degree of understanding that authorship is a critical country of the school course of study, a complex activity that includes the mechanics of authorship, including script ( or keyboarding, utilizing an adaptative device ) , spelling, and the rudimentss of linguisti c communication cognition ( i.e. , word morphology, sentence structure, and vocabulary ) . In add-on, it includes the undermentioned cognitive, meta-cognitive, self-regulatory, and motivational facets including: ( bring forthing thoughts to set into script or print, be aftering what to state and how to state it, forming the thoughts into a consistent whole, acknowledging the demands of readers and how to run into those demands, interpreting these programs into a written text, including a manner of authorship and word pick appropriate to the authorship undertaking and projected readers, retrieving all of the constituents that need to be included in bring forthing the composing, self-monitoring the procedure and reexamining the content, organisation, and mechanics and so redacting as needed possessing the cognitive capacity to cover with all of these facets of complexness, possessing the assurance, motive, and doggedness to prosecute in the difficult work needed to make a good written merchandise ) . In add-on, authorship is an of import portion of pupils ‘ lives after school, where many employers insist that employees should possess well-developed communicating accomplishments including composing accomplishments – a assortment of other intents are served by composing and developing composing capableness. There are several ways that authorship is of import in our lives: As a part to the development of a individual, no affair what that individual ‘s background and endowments are, composing is a extremely complex act that demands the analysis and synthesis of many degrees of thought. Writing develops enterprises. In reading, everything is provided. In authorship, the scholar must provide everything: the right relationship between sounds and letters, the order of the letters and their signifier on the page, the subject, information, inquiries, replies, and order. Writing develops bravery. At no point is the scholar more vulnerable than in authorship and /or speech production. Writing, more than any other topic, can take to personal discoveries in acquisition. Writing can lend to reading from the first twenty-four hours of school. Writing, some say, is active, whereas reading is inactive. Writing contributes strongly to reading comprehension, as kids grow up. The ability to revise composing for greater power and economic system is one of the higher signifiers of reading. To appreciate the connexion between good thought and good authorship, the pupil needs to see composing as something other than distinct spots of information to be studied and stored in memory ( Bean, 1996, p. 17 ) . In other words, pupils need to larn to believe critically about authorship and the universe, to measure information and make an educated sentiment about it, non simply accept it at face value. Students today live in an information-driven society. The challenge for them is to larn how to measure and utilize that information to happen the significance in the cognition, so that the cognition can successfully be applied to new state of affairss. When the pupil writes to larn what he or she thinks, he or she is practising critical thought in its basic signifier. A missive to a comparative, a note to a friend, and a diary entry are all illustrations of the â€Å" authorship to larn theory † if the pupil discovers what he or she thinks as he or she is composing. Write to larn assignments capitalise on pupils ‘ anterior cognition and coerce them to measure that cognition in order to make meaningful, individualized decisions. Hence, such assignments allow pupils to construct on anterior cognition in order to come on to the following cognitive degree of adulthood. Furthermore, compose to larn schemes by and large utilize Bloom ‘s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives ( 1956 ) , specifically the degrees of application, analysis, rating, and synthesis. Critical thought authorship is the coin of the kingdom here. It permeates the whole atmosphere instead than being compartmentalized into a individual class or slapped on as a series of accomplishments. I believe composing is the tool of thought. The best manner to larn to believe is to read a batch of good authorship and compose a batch about what you have read. Writing and the communicating of thoughts are cardinal to all subjects whether one is in school or the workplace. One of the most of impo rt accomplishments in the digital age is composing, in fact, one of the oldest. On the other manus critical thought is the procedure of actively analysing, measuring, and synthesising information gathered from a assortment of beginnings, utilizing a model designed to impart construction and lucidity to the thought procedure, so, nil is more relevant as an attack for learning composing free composing than what is worldly renowned as Critical Thinking. Critical authorship, at least does non let word acknowledgment to be hard, and if it does, pupils will utilize excessively much of their processing capacity to compose single words, which interferes with their ability to grok what they have written. Students need to see the instructor patterning the patterns for composing. Then they need to be instructed in guided pattern, in which the instructor helps, but finally turns over the modeling to the pupils, separately and in larning partnerships. This is indispensable for pupils to grok the subject. They must pattern composing accomplishments, utilizing different beginnings that they like and are of the appropriate degree for them. Anyhow, the subject of learning pupils to believe while composing â€Å" critical authorship † should be cardinal to any treatment of believing accomplishments, in portion because the authorship of any subject dramas such a outstanding function in the content Fieldss.1.1 Statement of the Problem:Many scholars and instructors likewise have nagged that the format of jobs in the schoolroom, peculiarly in scientific topics, bears small resemblance to the manner jobs look in existent life. What is the job? Where does it lie? How does it go on? Why does it for good reiterate? The absence of learning composing free composing critically is one of the obstructions that emerge beyond the replies. In fact, one of the most of import practical thought accomplishments one can get from critical authorship is to cognize how to place and work out a job. From the clip of Grecian philosophers to modern-day epoch, concerns about the demand for an educated people and quality work force, the ability to believe critically and to ground good have been regarded as an of import and necessary result of instruction. Learning to believe is the cardinal intent of instruction, because Critical Thinking calls for relentless attempt to analyze any belief or supposed signifier of cognition in the visible radiation of the grounds that supports it and the farther decisions to which it tends. It requires an ability to acknowledge jobs, to happen ways to undertake those jobs, to garner relevant information, to acknowledge unexpressed premises and values, to grok and utilize linguistic c ommunication with truth, lucidity, and favoritism, to construe informations, to measure grounds and evaluate statements, to retrace one ‘s forms of beliefs on the footing of wider experience, and to render accurate opinions. Educators are non entirely in acknowledging the importance of critical thought. The demands of employment in a planetary economic system, the endurance of a democratic manner of life and personal determination devising in a complex and quickly altering society, require people who can ground good and do good opinions. As our state is traveling towards a technology-based economic system confronting world-wide competition, employers demand workers that can believe flexibly and analytically integrate information from a assortment of beginnings and positions, and do profitable determinations. Sudan has a pluralistic society demands citizens who can open-mindedly measure the relevancy of different position on complex jobs. For pupils, workers, and citizens, crit ical thought is an indispensable tool for executing successfully in a complex and quickly changing universe. Teaching critical thought for both native talkers and foreign scholars, manipulate such obstructions by enabling one to analyze the factors encroaching on a state of affairs, forecast the results of possible classs of action, evaluate those results and weigh them relative to one another and seek to take so as to maximise positive results and minimise negative 1s. Furthermore, the beliefs people hold, and accordingly the illations they subsequently make and attitudes they subsequently assume, depend in portion on their logical thinking about the evidences for those beliefs. Despite widespread looks of concern about developing critical minds, surveies have shown that most schools are neither ambitious pupils to believe critically about academic topic, nor assisting them develop the logical thinking abilities needed to cover successfully with complexnesss of modern life. This be cause effectual direction for utilizing critical thought in instruction is non yet happening on a wide graduated table although critical thought is widely lauded as one of the most critical educational ends today.1.2 Aims of the Survey:1 – To measure through empirical observation the effectivity of utilizing critical thought in learning composing free composing on pupils abilities to compose critically about every subject issues and on the pupils temperaments toward critical thought in general. 2 – To develop abilities needed to compose critically to happen out about life demands in general, e.g. interpretation and incorporating information from different beginnings and constructing and reasoning a instance to explicate grounds as accepted. 3 – To utilize those same abilities for mundane written undertakings and be able to discourse why authorship is so of import. 4 -To have an apprehension of and be able to utilize critically the chief standards of good essay authorship. 5 -To be cognizant of the basic proficient and stylistic considerations involved in composing. Of all facets of analyzing, composing is likely the most ambitious. That is because when we write down an history of our thoughts for other people to read we have to explicate ourselves peculiarly carefully. We can non do the mental spring we do when we are in conversation with others or believing about something for ourselves. 6 – To do our significance clear, utilizing merely words on a page, we have to work out precisely what we think about the topic. We come to understand it for ourselves in the procedure of explicating it to others. Therefore, composing makes us truly cope with what we are analyzing. In other words, it forces us into a really deep and powerful sort of acquisition. That is what makes it so demanding. When we write we are truly seting thoughts to utilize. In composing we have done antecedently, we may hold ‘taken in ‘ thoughts from books, articles, Television and so on. However, it is merely when we can utilize these thoughts to state something for ourselves that we have truly ‘learned ‘ them. Ideas merely become a properly functioning portion of our thought-processes when we can name on them as we communicate with other people. It is really valuable to debate issues with other pupils in treatment groups. Nevertheless, an even more fastidious manner of util izing thoughts in statement is to make it in composing. A cardinal portion of utilizing thoughts efficaciously is to be able to compose clearly and persuasively. In our society, this is a really valuable accomplishment. It puts us on a much better picking with other people if we can show our point of position forcefully in composing. Possibly we started out on our surveies with the thought merely of larning more about art, music, or history, but we may detect that one of the most valuable things we gain is the ability to compose much more efficaciously. Whether we start with a instead weak composing manner or a reasonably good developed one, there is ever plentifulness of advancement to be made. So composing tends to be both the most demanding and the most rewarding portion of any class of survey. In add-on, because it contributes so much to what we learn, we have to set a batch of our clip and energy into it. 7- To separate the important difference between the groups of pupils who receive critical authorship in learning composing free subjects, and those who do non. 8- To reenforce the relationship between the scholars and the linguistic communication by actuating them to make their best to larn it in reacting to what the prophesier Mohammed ( Peace Be Upon Him ) said about larning foreign linguistic communications.1.3 The Significance of the Study1- The research worker is traveling to cast some visible radiations on the jobs that encounter the pupils and instructors while composing free composing. 2- Teaching composing free composing throughout critical thought will supply distinguishable advantages over more traditional attacks and techniques. 3- This survey is for the benefit of both pupils who suffer from still being merely inactive receptors in composing free composing and the instructors who are in demand to be reminded to research this manner based on the recommendations and findings regarded to the course of study interior decorators.1.4 Questions of the Survey:Based on the statement of the job, this survey sought to reply the undermentioned inquiries. 1. Will a group of pupils who receives explicit learning in analysing and construing jobs harmonizing to critical thought theoretical account perform better on a trial that requires them to analyse and synthesise a set of primary beginnings than a group of similar pupils non having such specifications? 2. To what extent will a group of pupils who receives preparation and utilizing of critical authorship theoretical account performs better on a undertaking necessitating rating of the subject subject than a group of similar pupils non having direction in critical authorship? 3. Will a group of pupils who receives developing in critical authorship differ in their attitudes and temperaments towards critical thought from a group of similar pupils non having expressed direction in critical authorship? 4. Will at that place be a statistically important difference in pupil public presentation by method of direction harmonizing to age? 5. Will at that place be a statistically important difference in pupil public presentation by method of direction harmonizing to gender? 6. To what extent is the construct of critical thought illuminated by those within rational history concerned with bettering the general quality of the pupils ‘ ideas? 7. How can critical thought be adopted to advance scholars linguistic communication?1.5 The Study Hypotheses: ( modified by Dr. Madani )There will be a important difference between the quality of the authorship of the pupils who use critical thought accomplishments in the procedure of authorship ( experimental group ) and the quality of the authorship of the pupils who do non utilize critical thought accomplishments ( control group. ) This will be achieved by proving the undermentioned research hypotheses: Teachers think that it is likely that the usage of critical thought accomplishments will excite pupils and better their thought and authorship ( CWC ) more than the usage of other traditional methods of learning authorship ( Non – CWC ) . Teachers enjoy the usage of critical thought accomplishments in authorship. Teachers think that the usage of critical thought creates a more restful and concerted ambiance in the schoolroom. Teachers will experience confident, competent and execute good in the schoolroom as a consequence of being trained in learning critical thought accomplishments.1.6 The Scope of the Survey:Using critical thought in learning composing free composing to Sudanese secondary schools pupils is the survey which will be conducted and done in ( Al-Qabbas Diplomatic Secondary School for male childs ) and ( Al-Qabbas Diplomatic Secondary School for misss ) by the research worker. The research worker will establish the survey on his old experiments and observations in learning Writing Free Composition in secondary schools in Sudan and Saudi Arabia during the old ages ( 1995 – 2009 ) . This survey is devoted to the description of the methodological analysis used to look into the usage of Critical Thinking in Teaching Writing Free Composition. The research worker conducted limited experiments during the mentioned above old ages. Questionnaire, pre-test and post-test are used for informations evocation and analysis. The experimenter himself manipulates the tool narrowly. Students were tested after they have been taught indiscriminately by two different methods ( conventional group and experimental group ) where Teaching Writing Free Composition critically is used within a narrow range.1.7 Terminology of the Survey:Calcium: Communicative Approach Connecticut: Critical Thinking CWC: Critical Writing Classs CWFC: Critical Writing Free Composition. ELT: English Language Teaching. Non-CWC: Non- Critical Writing Classs Thallium: Transportation of Language

Using Compound Prepositions in Spanish Sample Sentences

Using Compound Prepositions in Spanish Sample Sentences As explained with our list of compound prepositions, it is common in Spanish for a phrase to function in much the same way as a simple preposition, showing the relationship between a noun (or a related type of word, such as a pronoun or an infinitive acting as a noun) and another part of a sentence. Here are some examples of these types of phrases in action; the prepositional phrases and their English translations (other translations are often possible) are in boldface:  ¿Matarà ­as a cambio de mucho dinero? Would you kill in exchange for a lot of money? El actor fallecià ³ a los 90 aà ±os a causa de una paro cardiaco. The actor died at 90 years of age because of a heart stoppage. Tenemos muchas cuestiones acerca de las tecnologà ­as nuevas. We have many questions about the new technologies. Los valores humanos y à ©ticos son sacrificados a fin de ganar votos. Human values and ethics are sacrificed in order to win votes. Esto no significa que antes de los noventas no existiera este formato de negocios. This doesnt mean that before the 90s this way of doing business didnt exist. A pesar de todo voy a dormirme con una inmensa sonrisa. Despite everything, Im going to fall asleep with a huge smile. Llega al mercado un teclado a prueba de agua. A waterproof keyboard arrives on the market. Un hombre de 50 aà ±os est a punto de ser desahuciado de su vivienda. A 50-year-old man is on the verge of being evicted from his dwelling. Cerca de mi casa aparecià ³ un buho. An owl showed up near my home. Arabia Saudita derribar aviones israelà ­pes con rumbo a Irn. Saudi Arabia will shoot down Israeli airplanes en route to Iran. Lesotho es el à ºnico paà ­s africano que est dentro de otro. Lesotho is the only African country that is inside of another. Infà ³rmate sobre la preparacià ³n en caso de desastres y emergencias. Get informed about preparation in case of disasters and emergencies. No pongas los pies encima de la mesa. Dont put your feet on top of the table. Hay muchas cosas que puedes hacer en vez de estudiar. There are many things you can do instead of studying. Creo que es la primera vez que alguien fuera de mi familia me ha dicho esto. I think it is the first time anyone outside of my family has told me this. El hotel est mal ubicado lejos de la playa en medio de nada. The hotel is poorly situated far from the beach in the middle of nothing.

How to Write a Homeschool Progress Report

How to Write a Homeschool Progress Report For many homeschool families, tasks for wrapping up the school year include writing an annual progress report or compiling a portfolio. The job doesn’t have to be stressful or overwhelming. In fact, it’s often a delightful opportunity to reflect on the complete school year. Why Write a Homeschool Progress Report? A progress report may seem unnecessary for homeschooled students. After all, isnt the point of a progress report to let parents know how their children are doing in school? Its true that, as a homeschooling parent, you dont need a report from your childs teacher to know how he is advancing academically. However, for some reasons you might want to complete an annual assessment of your students progress. Meeting state laws.  The homeschooling laws for many states require that parents write an annual progress report or compile a portfolio for each student. Some parents must submit the report or portfolio to a governing body or an educational liaison while others are only required to keep such documents on file. Assessment of progress.  Writing a progress report also provides a means for objectively assessing how much your students have learned, experienced, and accomplished over the course of the school year. Comparing these reports year after year can reveal your child’s strengths and weaknesses and help you chart their overall academic development. Feedback for the nonteaching parent.  Progress reports can provide an interesting snapshot of your homeschool year for the non-teaching parent. Sometimes the teaching parent, who is with the kids every day, doesn’t realize all the moments that the nonteaching parent misses. Feedback for your students.  A homeschool progress report  can provide valuable feedback for your students, helping them identify areas that need improvement and recognize patterns of strength. Consider having your students complete a self-evaluation to include with the report you write. Providing a keepsake.  Finally, detailed homeschool progress reports become cherished keepsakes over the course of your childs school years. Writing a report for your first-grader may seem an unnecessary  chore, but you’ll read it with fondness when she’s about to graduate high school. What to Include in a Homeschool Progress Report If youve never written a progress report, you may be unsure what you need to include. Your states homeschool laws may dictate the components to some degree. Beyond that, a progress report can be as concise or as detailed as youd like to make it. Basic details.  A homeschool progress report should include basic, factual information about your student, regardless of whether you are required to  submit it  to anyone. You will likely enjoy looking back over these reports as your student  gets older, so be sure to include details such as age and grade level, along with a photo. Resource list. Include a resource list for your school year. This  list may include the titles and authors of your homeschool curriculum, websites visited, and online classes. You may also want to add a course description for the classes your student completed. List the titles of books your children read as well as family read-alouds.  Include outside classes such as co-op, driver’s education,  or music. List any nationally standardized tests your students completed along with their scores. Activities.  List  your student’s  extracurricular activities, such as sports, clubs, or scouting. Note any awards or recognition received. Log volunteer hours, community service, and part-time jobs held. List any field trips taken. Work samples.  You may wish to include work samples such as essays, projects, and artwork. Include photos of hands-on projects that your students complete. You can include completed tests, but dont use those exclusively. Tests dont show the full spectrum of your students education. Even though you and your student may want to forget the areas of struggle, keeping samples that capture them can help you see progress in the coming years. Grades and attendance.  If your state requires a certain number of school days or hours, include that in your report. If you give formal grades, even satisfactory or needs improvement, add those to your progress report. Using a Scope and Sequence to Write a Progress Report One method of writing a progress report is to use the scope and sequence of your homeschool materials to help you outline the skills and concepts your child has started or mastered. A scope and sequence is a list of all the concepts, skills, and topics that the curriculum covers and the order in which they are  introduced. You can find this list in most homeschool curricula. If yours doesnt include it, check the table of contents’ main subheadings for ideas on what to include in your childs progress report. This simple, somewhat clinical method is a quick and easy option for meeting state laws. First,  list each subject you covered in your homeschool during the year. Some examples include: MathHistory/social studiesScienceLanguage artsReadingArtDramaPhysical education Then, under each heading, note the benchmarks your student achieved, along with those that are in progress and those to which he was introduced. For example, under math, you might list accomplishments such as: Skip counting by 2s, 5’s, and 10’sCounting and writing to 100Ordinal numbersAddition and subtractionEstimationGraphing You may want to include a code after each, such as A (achieved), IP (in progress), and I (introduced). In addition to your homeschool curriculum’s scope and sequence, a typical course of study reference may help you to consider all the concepts your student has covered over the year and help you identify those she may need to work on next year. Writing a Narrative Homeschool Progress Report A narrative progress report is another option- a bit more personal and composed in a more conversational style. These can be written as a  journal entry snapshot, indicating what your children have learned each year. With a narrative progress report, you as the homeschool teacher  can highlight a student’s progress, include observations about areas of strength and weakness, and record details about your child’s developmental progress. You can also add notes about any  academic struggles you’ve observed and areas  on which you’d like to focus on in the upcoming year. Whichever method you choose, writing a progress report doesn’t have to be tedious. It’s an opportunity to reflect on all that you and your homeschooled students have accomplished during the year and begin to focus on the promise of the upcoming year.

Why Americans should embrace Alternative fuel vehicles Term Paper - 1

Why Americans should embrace Alternative fuel vehicles - Term Paper Example If current energy usage patterns continue for a few more decades then the ecosystems and environments across the world would be damaged beyond repair, putting at risk the long-term survival of our species. (Borowitz, 1999, p.255) The rest of this essay will elaborate on these points and present the reasons why Americans should embrace alternative fuel vehicles. Beyond concerns about peak-oil and issues of sustaining conventional oil supplies, there is the danger posed by environmental pollution. While manufacturing industries play their part in polluting air, water and soil, the chief contributors are motor vehicles. For example, 90% of the carbon monoxide, 50% of the volatile organic compounds, and 40% of the ozone in metropolitan areas come from motor vehicles. (Meotti, 1995, p.27) With car ownership per-capita in America being one of the highest among advanced economies, there is a urgent need for alternative fuels. There is also the option of attempting to reduce car sales and car usage. But since this outcome is highly unlikely, finding substitute fuels for petroleum-based ones is the more plausible option going forward. Soybean oil is another alternative fuel that holds a lot of promise. When oil prices spiked during the first Gulf War in 1991, American farmers put to use the huge surplus of soybean oil stored in tanks across the country. They said that Soybean oil can be refined into bio-diesel, which can be used by vehicles. Already, by this time, bio-diesel was being manufactured in Europe using rapeseed oil. And by following the same procedure, Soybean oil could also be converted into bio-diesel, which would prove to be a cleaner and eco-friendly energy alternative. (Schmidt, 2007, p.87) Experts and business people have now identified bio-diesel as a key player in the alternative fuels market. It also has the advantage of being produced by both small-scale manufacturers as well as large industries. While